Calculation method used in India

Large numbers are written using the Indian numbering system in countries across the Indian subcontinent and Afghanistan. The most common ways to express large numbers in Indian English are the terms lakh or 1,00,000 (one hundred thousand, written as 100,000 outside India) and crore or 1,00,00,000[1] (ten million, written as 10,000,000 outside India).

Indian politics [ edit ]

One (100), ten (101), one hundred (102), one thousand (103), and ten thousand (104) all have Western counterparts in the Indian numbering system. Names no longer match up with numbers when the power of ten increases. One lakh, ten lakh, one crore, ten crore, one arab (or one hundred crore), and so on are all terms used in the Indian system; for every second power of ten (105 2n), a new term is introduced: lakh (105), crore (107), arab (109), kharab (1011), etc. In the Western system, the next powers of ten are called one hundred thousand, one million, ten million, one hundred million, one billion (short scale)/one thousand million (long scale), and so on; in the short scale, there are new words for every third power of ten (103n): million (106), billion (109), trillion (1012) etc

Different systems of writing use commas in different ways, with the Indian system (after the first thousand) grouping numbers in powers of one hundred (102), and the Western system grouping numbers in powers of one thousand (103). While the Indian and most English systems use a comma as the digit-separator and a decimal point, other languages and countries that use the Western numbering system use a thin space or point to group digits. [2]

Though less common, there are also words for billions and trillions of digits. One arab is equal to one hundred crore, or one billion on the short scale; one kharab is equal to one hundred arab, or one hundred billion; one nil is equal to one ten trillion; and one padma is equal to one quadrillion. 1 shankha (equal to 100 padmas, or 100 quadrillion) and 1 mahashankh (equal to 100 shankha, or 10 quintillion) For example, 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion) is commonly referred to as 1 lakh crore (10,00,00,00,00), and the written form of this number is 10,00,00,00,00,000.

Examples [ edit ]

• rupee: 150,000 Indian Rupees, also written as "1.5 lakh rupees"; lakh: 150,000 Indian Rupees, also written as "1,50,000 rupees"
• "3 crore rupees" is shorthand for "thirty million rupees," which is written as 3,00,00,000 rupees with commas after the numbers "thousand," "lakh," and "crore."

English pronunciation [ edit ]

Speakers of native Indian languages may use English pronunciations that are more similar to their native tongue when speaking English. g It is possible to pronounce "lakh" and "crore" as "lkh" and "krr," respectively.

• Hazart, /hz()/
• Lakh /lk/
• hundred million
• arab /æˈɹ̠æb/
• Arabic: (kharab)

Separators are used [ edit ]

Different from the worldwide standard, India's numbering system makes use of different separators. The Indian numbering system differs from the international system in that it groups digits by sets of two rather than threes until the hundreds place. Therefore, 10 kharab (or 1 lakh crore) would be used to represent 1 trillion. In the lingo of the system, this makes the number easy to read. For instance:

Thousands, hundreds of thousands, tens of millions, etc., all have their own distinct symbols in the Indian numeral system, so this is in keeping with it.

Number names [ edit ]

The numbers in the following table are based on the common abbreviation of "billion" as "million." Since the British had previously adopted the long scale, one billion was considered to be one million million in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.

Chronological ordering of numbers [ edit ]

Using numerals in the Hindu epics [ edit ]

The ancient Indian epic literature (itihasas) contains a wide variety of numerical systems. The table below details one such system from the Valmiki Ramayana. [5]

Alternative numerical systems [ edit ]

Land in the Kumaon Kingdom was measured using a system that was approximative and subject to local variations because it was based on arable lands. The most popular of these was based on a vigesimal (base-20) system, with its primary unit of measure being the bisi (see Hindustani number bs), which was equal to the area needed to plant 20 nalis of seed. As a result, its true land area varied depending on the quality of the soil. By 1891, Kumaon had adopted this system as the norm. [7]

Translation into other languages [ edit ]

• The Assamese word for a thousand is লক্ষ lokhyo, or লাখ A number between one hundred thousand (or "lakh") and one billion (or "crore কৌটি বা কোটি kouti
• The native (tadbhava) term for one hundred thousand in Bengali is লাখ lkh, though the ardha-tatsama is preferred by some. লক্ষ lokkho The term for a thousand million is "crore." কোটি kōṭi
• The Burmese word for "crore" ကုဋေ [ɡədè] The Burmese word for "thousand" is "lakh"
• A thousand is written as la'kha and a million as kroaru in Dhivehi.
• The Gujarati word for a thousand is લાખ lkh plus a CRO Represents કરોડ karoḍ The name for a hundred million is અબજ abaj
• One hundred thousand is called लाख lkh plus a crore is referred to as करोड karoḍ The term for one hundred million is अरब arab
• One hundred thousand is called ಲಕ್ಷ laka and a crore are referred to as ಕೋಟಿ kōṭi
• Khasi speakers refer to ten thousand as lak and one hundred thousand as klur or krur. The numbers "arab" and "kharab" both refer to one billion.
• A thousand in Malayalam is known as ലക്ഷം laksham plus one crore is referred to as കോടി kodi
• One hundred thousand is called लाख/लक्ष lkh plus a crore is referred to as कोटी koṭi or करोड karo, and an Arab is referred to as अब्ज abja
• What is a lakh called in Nepali? लाख lkh plus a CRO Represents करोड karoḍ
• What is a lakh called in Odia? ଲକ୍ଷ lôkhyô and a million are written as କୋଟି koṭi
• The Punjabi word for a thousand is lakkh (Shahmukhi: لکھ and Gurmukhi: ਲੱਖ Karo (Shahmukhi: ; English: کروڑ , Gurmukhi : ਕਰੋੜ )
• A thousand is written as lák and a million as kurul in Rohingya. Kuth is the name for a thousand crore.
• The Sinhalese word for a thousand is ලක්ෂ lakṣa what we refer to a billion as කෝටි kōṭi
• One hundred thousand is called இலட்சம் It's ilacam and a crore. கோடி kōṭi
• The Telugu word for one million is లక్ష it's referred to as a lakha and a crore కోటి kōṭi
• The Urdu word for a thousand is لاکھ lkh plus a crore is referred to as کروڑ karoṛ Arab is the word for a billion. ارب ), and a kharab is equal to one hundred billion arabs کھرب )
• The Swahili word lakh now means " laki In addition to being widely employed,

In India's official English-language publications, the terms lakh and crore are used for Indian currency, while the International Numbering System is used for all other currencies. [8]

Present day usage [ edit ]

India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar are the only countries where this system is in use at this time. It's the de facto standard for counting in those nations, and it's widely favored over the English system. [9]

Although Sri Lanka formerly used this system, they have recently adopted the English numbering system.

The term lakh is commonly used in Maldivian everyday life and official documents. However, larger numbers (tens of thousands or millions) are typically written in English.

The Reserve Bank of India is one of the few exceptions to the rule that most Indian institutions and citizens use the Indian number system. [10]

See also [ edit ]

References [ edit ]